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Contributed Speaker

Dr. Ruediger Berger

Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany

E-mail

berger@mpip-mainz.mpg.de

Lithium dendrite growth and space charge layers detected by operando KPFM measurements

Chao Zhu¹, Franjo Weber¹, Till Fuchs², Felix. H. Richter², Jürgen Janek², Rüdiger Berger¹

¹ Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany

² Institute of Physical Chemistry & Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany

The growth of lithium dendrites in inorganic solid electrolytes is an essential drawback that hinders the development of reliable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Generally, post mortem analysis of batteries show that grain boundaries in inorganic solid electrolytes are the preferential sites for lithium dendrite penetration. Operando Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) measurements elucidate the initial aspects of dendritic growth in a Li_6.25Al_0.25La₃Zr₂O₁₂ garnet-type solid electrolyte [1]. Strictly speaking solid electrolytes are mixed ionic-electronic conductors. In this case the measured contact potential difference (CPD) maps the internal electrostatic (Galvani) potential change during battery operation [2]. We find that the Galvani potential drops at grain boundaries near the lithium metal electrode during plating as a response to the accumulation of electrons. Based on these results, we propose a mechanistic model to explain the preferential growth of lithium dendrites and their penetration in inorganic solid electrolytes [1]. This example in the field of all solid state batteries illustrate that the method is versatile and benefitial for characterizing and understanding batteries and their components.

References:

[1] C. Zhu, T. Fuchs,S.A.L.Weber, F.H. Richter, G. Glasser, F. Weber., H.-J. Butt, J. Janek, R. Berger, Nature Communications 14, 1300 (2023).

[2] F. Weber, C. Zhu, S. Kobayashi, T. Fuchs, J. Janek, R. Berger, manuscript submitted.

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